By Professor Carol on Dec 08, 2015 04:00 am
Gilles Couteau – (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)
For many of us, Noël is a word splashed in glitter across Christmas cards, banners, and ornaments. But it also means a specific type of French Christmas Carol. Let’s take a closer look.
Noël comes from the Old French word for “Christmas Season” (nael) which, in turn, comes from the Latin for birth (natalis). That’s a lot of etymology, but it explains why we hear the wordNoël sung as a refrain in the familiar carol The First Noel. Think of it as a joyous exclamation, like Alleluia.
The very sound Noël conveys the glory of our Savior’s birth! As an expression of Christmas joy, the word has been used since the 15th century, sometimes within church music, but more often in popular songs, chants, and dances.
As for its musical definition, a Noël was a song of popular character, not part of the formal order of worship (liturgy). It had “strophic” or verse form. By the 16th century, French manuscripts contain a variety of Christmas songs called Noëls, including many popular secular songs refitted with Christmasy words. There’s early evidence of French families singing Noëlson Christmas Eve, both in the church and on the streets.
By the 17th and 18th centuries, collections of Noëls were available for people to buy. And composers took the tunes and turned them into dazzling pieces for keyboards, particularly for organ. Around the time of J.S. Bach (early 1700s), it was popular to turn a favorite Noël into a set of organ variations, so that the beloved tune could sound over and over, with ever-more intricate melodic and rhythmic decoration.
Not surprisingly, versions of these Noels for other instruments sprouted up too. They kept a rustic tone, featuring oboes and horns, or instruments we’re not as familiar with today, such asmusettes, or the vielles (hurdy-gurdy). The idea was to evoke the pastoral, or idyllic countryside. We might call it “shepherdy” music today. The pastorale or rustic quality of these songs, their simple but powerful melodies, and the lilting quality that matches the color of the French language combine to give the Noël its charm. With practice, they are easy to distinguish from German, Italian, or English Christmas Carols.
If you want to hear a Classic French Noël, try Il est ne, le divin Enfant (He is born, the Divine Child). The words are mid-19th century, but the tune dates back to the 18th century. You’ll find lots of versions of it on the internet, such as this one by the Vienna Boys’ Choir:
You might be surprised to hear it at this relaxed tempo, but stylistically, that’s appropriate. Nonetheless, the sparkly quick tempos we hear in most recordings probably will be likely to capture a small child’s ear.
So enjoy the rich tradition that lies just behind you, every time you see that word Noël. And if you hear a jaunty, dance-like Christmas tune, it might just be a Noël.
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